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      • Issue 1
        • Collecting East African marine snails
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        • Herons, Moorhens and Rats feeding on Anodonta anatina
        • Introduction to molluscan taxonomy 1) Species and subspecies
        • Volutes
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        • Introduction to molluscan taxonomy 2) The significance of types
        • Land and freshwater snails: additions to the British List since 1926
        • Littoral collecting in the Scilly Isles
        • Snails in a Sussex garden
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        • Learning in Nucella lapillus
        • Mollusca on Liverpool bomb sites
        • The Cardiacea
        • The Strombidae
      • Issue 5
        • A suggested method for extracting the animals from small high-spired shells
        • Commensual crabs in Mytilus edulis
        • Field meeting at Shell Bay, Dorset
        • Field meeting at West Runton and Overstrand
        • Introduction to molluscan taxonomy 4) Taxonomic history
        • J.G. Bruguiere 1750-98
      • Issue 6
        • A little more biography
        • Field meeting at Amberley
        • Field meeting to Grasswood, Yorkshire May 1962
        • Marine collecting in New Zealand
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        • On the use and misuse of common names
        • Strand shells after Cornish gales
        • Trochus magus in the Isle of Wight
      • Issue 7
        • 35 years collecting
        • Field meeting Epping Forest
        • Field meeting White Downs
        • More strand shells after Cornish gales
        • Natural History Museum at Craster
        • Notes on the pholadidae
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        • Geology for conchologists - The last 15,000 years
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        • David Landsborough
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        • The Viviparidae
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Astarte sulcata

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:14
Distribution and status

The map provided here shows the distribution of the species based on Conchological Society data.

Ecology and behaviour

Lives partially buried in mud or gravel mixed with sand or mud.

Key identification features
  • Surface has 25-55 concentric ridges
  • Periostracum has concentric grooves
  • Margin is initially smooth, becoming crenulate in older shells.
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000173998]
Sort order
10180
Taxonomic group
Marine bivalve
  • Read more about Astarte sulcata

Solid shell up to 2.5cm in length. The shell is white or pink in colour usually obscured by brown periostracum.

Arctica islandica

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:14
Vernacular names
Ocean quahog; Icelandic cyprine
Distribution and status

Common. Distributed from Norway south to the Bay of Biscay.

Arctica islandica

The map provided here shows the distribution of the species based on Conchological Society data held by the National Biodiversity Network (NBN). See terms and conditions.

The following datasets are included:

  • Conchological Society of Great Britain & Ireland: marine mollusc records


Open an NBN Atlas interactive map of this data in a new window.

 

Ecology and behaviour

Shallow burrower in muddy sand where it feeds by filtering phytoplankton.

In the southern part of its range live animals are restricted to deeper waters but to the north it can also be found intertidally.

In one report from the Journal of Conchology, Rendall (1954) indicates that large, live specimens could be found at the extreme low-water mark in St. Catherine’s Bay, Stronsay, Orkney (follow the link to read the original report). By following the tideline and walking slowly shorewards, Rendall observed a, "regular and graduated decline in size as one approached the sides of the bay, until at last I was picking up complete specimens scarcely the size of a shilling". The author also noted that at, "the south side of the sands Cyprina islandica was closely associated with Dosinia lupinus, which also occurred there in considerable numbers". Razor shells, otter shells and the ocean quahog were all part of the diet for islanders. Interestingly, he reported that even larger individuals were said to be taken from Linga Holm, an uninhabited island at the mouth of the bay.

 

Key identification features
  • Pallial line not indented with a pallial sinus
  • Crenulations on hinge plates in from of the anterior cardinal tooth.

 

References and links

Taxon details available from MolluscaBase (AphiaID 138802):

Arctica islandica (Linnaeus, 1767)

For the species account provided by Marine Bivalves of the British Isles click here.

The UK NBN Atlas entry for the species can be accessed via this link.

Rendall, R. (1954). A survey of some Orkney beaches. Journal of Conchology, 23(12), 390 - 394pp. Available at: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/63093306

 

Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000173928]
Sort order
10870
Taxonomic group
Marine bivalve
  • Read more about Arctica islandica

Very solid shell up to about 13cm in length. The surface is sculptured with numerous irregular fine concentric raised lines. The outside of the shell is white, yellow or brown. The inside is white, soemetimes with a pink tint. The pallial line is not indented with a pallial sinus.

Arcopagia crassa

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:14
Distribution and status

Not common. Found from the Norwegian Sea to the Iberian Peninsula.

The map provided here shows the distribution of the species based on Conchological Society data.

Ecology and behaviour

Burrows in muddy to coarse sand and shell gravel where it feeds on organic detritus picked up through the siphon.

Similar species
  • Arcopella balaustina has a thinner more fragile shell
Key identification features
  • Sculpture of think concentric ridges
  • Margin of pallial sinus not confluent with pallial line
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000173926]
Sort order
10590
Taxonomic group
Marine bivalve
  • Read more about Arcopagia crassa

Solid, almost oval, shell up to about 6.5cm in length. Yellowish white or fawn in colour sometimes with pink or brown radiating streaks. Inside of shell white at the margins and often orange towards the centre. Deep, tongue shaped, pallial sinus. Sculpture of pronounced concentric ridges on valve surface.

Arca tetragona

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:14
Distribution and status

Widely distributed. Distributed from Norway south to the Iberian Peninsula and into the Mediterranean.

The map provided here shows the distribution of the species based on Conchological Society data.

Ecology and behaviour

Lives attached by byssus threads amongst rocks or crevices.

Key identification features
  • Ventral margin has wide gape for byssus threads
  • All the teeth on the hinge plate are of a similar size
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000173921]
Sort order
9220
Taxonomic group
Marine bivalve
  • Read more about Arca tetragona

Solid shell up to 5cm in length. It is dirty white to yellow in colour but this is generally obscured by the brown periostracum. The inside of the shell is white. In perfect speciimens the surface is sculptured with ridges but these are often worn away.

Anomia ephippium

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:14
Distribution and status

Common. Distributed from the north of Norway south to the Mediterranean.

The map provided here shows the distribution of the species based on Conchological Society data.

Ecology and behaviour

Lives attached to stones or other shells by a calcified byssus through a hole in lower valve. Filter feeds phytoplankton,

Key identification features
  • Upper valve has three distinct muscle scars
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000173830]
Sort order
9730
Taxonomic group
Marine bivalve
  • Read more about Anomia ephippium

Fragile shell up to 6.5cm in length. The outside is white, sometimes tinged with pink, in colour. The inside is a similar colour but pearly in appearance. The surface has a 'scaley' sculpture.

Angulus tenuis

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:14
Distribution and status

Common. From Nowegian Sea and Baltic down to the Mediterranean and Atlantic coast of Morocco.

The map provided here shows the distribution of the species based on Conchological Society data.

Ecology and behaviour

Fine sand especially around ELWS. Burrows down to a depth of about 5-15 cm but moves nearer the surface as the tide comes in. Sometimes found in high densities of up to 2000 per square metre. Feeds on organic detritus picked up through the siphon.

Similar species
  • Angulus squalidus is more solid and possesses a more marked ridge
Key identification features
  • Brittle shell
  • Faint ridge running from beak to posterior of shell
  • Lower margin of pallial sinus confluent with pallial line
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000173825]
Sort order
10580
Taxonomic group
Marine bivalve
  • Read more about Angulus tenuis

Fragile shell up to 2.5cm in length. Coloyr can be white, pink, rose, orange or yellow both inside and out. The surface is sculptured with concentric ridges. Pallial sinus deep and partially confluent with pallial line; cruciform muscle scars sometimes distinct.

Angulus squalidus

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:14
Distribution and status

Scarce. From the the south of Norway to the Iberian Peninsula.

The map provided here shows the distribution of the species based on Conchological Society data.

Ecology and behaviour

Found sublittorally in muddy sand. Lies on left valve (causing this to be smoother).

Similar species
  • Angulus tenuis is brittle and ridge from the beaks is less obvious
Key identification features
  • Marked ridge (keel) running from the beaks to the posterior of the shell
  • Lower margin of pallial sinus confluent with pallial line
  • Solid shell
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000173824]
Sort order
10570
Taxonomic group
Marine bivalve
  • Read more about Angulus squalidus

Solid shell up to 4.5cm in length. Light yellow, orange, pink or fawn - sometimes banded. The inside of the shell is orange, tending to be lighter towards the edges. The shell surface is sculptured with concentric ridges with the left valve smoother than right. Cruciform muscle scars sometimes distinct.

Aequipecten opercularis

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:14
Distribution and status

Common. Distributed from northern Norway to the Iberian Peninsula and into the Mediterranean.

Aequipecten opercularis

The map provided here shows the distribution of the species based on Conchological Society data held by the National Biodiversity Network (NBN). See terms and conditions.

The following datasets are included:

  • Conchological Society of Great Britain & Ireland: marine mollusc records

Open an NBN Atlas interactive map of this data in a new window.

Ecology and behaviour

Early in life it lives attached by byssus threads becoming becoming free living. Lives on sand or gravel where it feeds by filtering phytoplankton. It is capable of swimming for considerable distances in both directions by flapping its valves.

Key identification features
  • About 19 to 22 broad radiating ribs
  • The ears of the valves are nearly equal in size
References and links

Taxon details available from MolluscaBase (AphiaID 140687):

Aequipecten opercularis (Linnaeus, 1758)

For the species account provided by Marine Bivalves of the British Isles click here.

The UK NBN Atlas entry for the species can be accessed via this link.

Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000173626]
Sort order
9580
Taxonomic group
Marine bivalve
  • Read more about Aequipecten opercularis

Solid shell up to 9cm in length. The colour is very variable and includes white, red, pink, brown, orange, yellow and purple and shades between these. In addition, the valves are often patterned with various combination of these. The surface of the shell is sculptured with rounded ribs which are corregated.

Acanthocardia tuberculata

Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:14
Vernacular names
Tuberculate cockle, Red nose
Distribution and status

Local. Distributed from the Irish Sea to the Iberian Peninsula and into the Mediterranean and the Canaries.

Acanthocardia tuberculata

The map provided here shows the distribution of the species based on Conchological Society data held by the National Biodiversity Network (NBN). See terms and conditions.

The following datasets are included:

  • Conchological Society of Great Britain & Ireland: marine mollusc records

Open an NBN Atlas interactive map of this data in a new window.

Ecology and behaviour

Burrows in muddy sand and gravel from low water to 100m where it filters phytoplankton.

Key identification features
  • Ribs are decorated with spines (though may be worn)
  • Concentric fine riblets or striations extending between the ribs and continuing over them in a straight or chevron pattern.
References and links

Taxon details available from MolluscaBase (AphiaID 381057):

Acanthocardia tuberculata (Linnaeus, 1758)

For the species account provided by Marine Bivalves of the British Isles click here.

The UK NBN Atlas entry for the species can be accessed via this link.

Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000173549]
Sort order
10270
Taxonomic group
Marine bivalve
  • Read more about Acanthocardia tuberculata

Shell up to 90mm lomg, 90mm high, 70mm wide, juveniles round, adults roundish, becoming slightly produced posteriorly and with a slight keel, not produced anteriorly.

Acanthocardia echinata

Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:14
Vernacular names
Prickly cockle
Distribution and status

Common. Distributed from Iceland and Norway south to the Iberian Peninsula and into the Mediterranean.

Acanthocardia echinata

The map provided here shows the distribution of the species based on Conchological Society data held by the National Biodiversity Network (NBN). See terms and conditions.

The following datasets are included:

  • Conchological Society of Great Britain & Ireland: marine mollusc records

Open an NBN Atlas interactive map of this data in a new window.

Ecology and behaviour

Burrows in sand, muddy sand and muddy gravel where it filters phytoplankton. Spat and small juveniles frequently lodged amongst small littoral and circa-littoral algae.

Key identification features
  • Ribs are decorated with spines (though may be worn)
  • Coarse concentric striations or ribliets lie between and extend over the ribs
References and links

Taxon details available from MolluscaBase (AphiaID 138992):

Acanthocardia echinata (Linnaeus, 1758)

For the species account provided by Marine Bivalves of the British Isles click here.

The UK NBN Atlas entry for the species can be accessed via this link.

Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000173548]
Sort order
10250
Taxonomic group
Marine bivalve
  • Read more about Acanthocardia echinata

Up to 60mm long, 60mm high, 45mm across, adults plump and round, perhaps a little produced posteriorly but not keeled. About 20 strong radial ribs, fewer in juveniles.

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