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      • Issue 1
        • Collecting East African marine snails
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        • Field meeting Walton-on-Naze
        • Herons, Moorhens and Rats feeding on Anodonta anatina
        • Introduction to molluscan taxonomy 1) Species and subspecies
        • Volutes
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        • Introduction to molluscan taxonomy 2) The significance of types
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        • Littoral collecting in the Scilly Isles
        • Snails in a Sussex garden
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        • Learning in Nucella lapillus
        • Mollusca on Liverpool bomb sites
        • The Cardiacea
        • The Strombidae
      • Issue 5
        • A suggested method for extracting the animals from small high-spired shells
        • Commensual crabs in Mytilus edulis
        • Field meeting at Shell Bay, Dorset
        • Field meeting at West Runton and Overstrand
        • Introduction to molluscan taxonomy 4) Taxonomic history
        • J.G. Bruguiere 1750-98
      • Issue 6
        • A little more biography
        • Field meeting at Amberley
        • Field meeting to Grasswood, Yorkshire May 1962
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        • On the use and misuse of common names
        • Strand shells after Cornish gales
        • Trochus magus in the Isle of Wight
      • Issue 7
        • 35 years collecting
        • Field meeting Epping Forest
        • Field meeting White Downs
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Acanthochitona crinita

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Wed, 09/03/2011 22:37
Distribution and status

Occurs from Norway to the Mediterranean and Adriatic seas [GBIF map]. It is found all around the coasts of Britain and Ireland and is not uncommon. While it sometimes occurs in very high densities it more generally found in relatively low numbers.

Acanthochitona crinita

The map provided here shows the distribution of the species based on Conchological Society data held by the National Biodiversity Network (NBN). See terms and conditions.

The following datasets are included:

  • Conchological Society of Great Britain & Ireland: marine mollusc records

Open an NBN Atlas interactive map of this data in a new window.

Ecology and behaviour

Lives on the underside of rocks and boulders usually lightly embedded in sand or gravel. It feeds by grazing material from the rock surface using its radula. Most common in the low shore or shallow subtidal areas but can occur to a depth of 50m. 

Similar species
  • Acanthochitona fascicularis has densely packed round granulations on the valve surface and a wider girdle.
Key identification features
  • Relatively wide girdle with eighteen conspicuous tufts of colourless bristles.
  • Coarse granules on the valves which are tear-drop shaped or oval.
References and links
  • Baxter, J.M. and Jones, A.M. 1987. Molluscs: Caudofoveata Solenogastres Polyplacophora and Scaphopoda. London.

Taxon details available from MolluscaBase (AphiaID 138675):

Acanthochitona crinita (Pennant, 1777)

The UK NBN Atlas entry for the species can be accessed via this link.

Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000173552]
Sort order
460
Taxonomic group
Chiton
  • Read more about Acanthochitona crinita

Size: Up to about 34mm long. Shape: Very broad girdle with the shell making up 40-50% of the width. Valves are relatively flat, with a very slight  keel.

Boreochiton ruber (Linnaeus, 1767)

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Wed, 09/03/2011 22:37
Distribution and status

It occurs from the Barents and White Seas in the north, around the coasts of Norway, Sweden, Greenland and as far south as the Azores. It is found on all shores around Britain and Ireland.

The map provided here shows the distribution of the species based on Conchological Society data.

Ecology and behaviour

Occurs from low water to depths of 300m but never in high densities. It feeds by grazing material from the rock surface using its radula. Rocky bottoms but also pebbles on sand.

Key identification features
  • Valve surface appears smooth under hand lens
  • Girdle is covered with tightly packed oval granules
References and links
  • Ávila, S , Sigwart, J 2013. New records for the shallow-water chiton fauna (Mollusca, Polyplacophora) of the Azores (NE Atlantic). Zookeys. 2013; (312): 23–38. 
  • Baxter, J.M. and Jones, A.M. 1987. Molluscs: Caudofoveata Solenogastres Polyplacophora and Scaphopoda. London.
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000178410]
Sort order
450
Taxonomic group
Chiton
  • Read more about Boreochiton ruber (Linnaeus, 1767)

Size: Up to about 21mm long. Shape: Relatively narrow girdle with the shell making up 75% of the width. Valves are rounded with a moderate keel.

Tonicella marmorea

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Wed, 09/03/2011 22:37
Distribution and status

It is a northern species extending as far south as north Wales in the west and Yorkshire in the east. Elsewhere it occurs across the Arctic Ocean around Norway, Sweden, Greenland and the Atlantic coast of North America.

Ecology and behaviour

Most common on expanses of bedrock though also occurs on stones and pebbles. It feeds by grazing material from the rock surface using its radula. It can occur in fairly high densities (40-50 per square metre) making it an important grazer within the ecosystem. It occurs very low on the shore down to depths of 200m.

Key identification features
  • Smooth, "leathery" appearance of girdle
  • Valve surface appears smooth
References and links
  • Baxter, J.M. and Jones, A.M. 1987. Molluscs: Caudofoveata Solenogastres Polyplacophora and Scaphopoda. London.
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000178409]
Sort order
440
Taxonomic group
Chiton
  • Read more about Tonicella marmorea

Size: Up to about 45mm long. Shape: Relatively narrow girdle with the shell making up 70% of the width. Valves are moderately tall with a definite keel.

Ischnochiton exaratus

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Wed, 09/03/2011 22:37
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000183066]
Sort order
410
Taxonomic group
Chiton
  • Read more about Ischnochiton exaratus

Hanleya nagelfar

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Wed, 09/03/2011 22:37
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000182551]
Sort order
390
Taxonomic group
Chiton
  • Read more about Hanleya nagelfar

Hanleya hanleyi

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Wed, 09/03/2011 22:37
Distribution and status

Relatively rare species. It occurs from the Arctic Ocean and Barents Seas in the north, around the coasts of Norway, Sweden, Greenland and as far south as the Mediterranean. Present all around the British Isles.

Ecology and behaviour

Occurs mainly on sandy bottoms attached to small shells and pebbles from 15m to 300m depth (though most common below 100m). It feeds by grazing material from the rock surface using its radula.

Key identification features
  • Very coarse sculpturing of valve surface
  • Girdle is covered with short spicules and long smooth spines
References and links
  • Baxter, J.M. and Jones, A.M. 1987. Molluscs: Caudofoveata Solenogastres Polyplacophora and Scaphopoda. London.
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000175666]
Sort order
380
Taxonomic group
Chiton
  • Read more about Hanleya hanleyi

Size: Up to about 22mm long. Shape: Relatively elongate species. It has a narrow girdle with the shell making up 80% of the width.

Lepidopleurus cajetanus

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Wed, 09/03/2011 22:37
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000183382]
Sort order
370
Taxonomic group
Chiton
  • Read more about Lepidopleurus cajetanus

Leptochiton tenuis

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Wed, 09/03/2011 22:37
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000183423]
Sort order
360
Taxonomic group
Chiton
  • Read more about Leptochiton tenuis

Leptochiton scabridus

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Wed, 09/03/2011 22:37
Distribution and status

It is a rare species with a relatively restricted distribution being confined to south west Britain, the west of Ireland and south to the Channel Islands and Brittany coast.

Ecology and behaviour

Lives on the underside of rocks embedded in sand.  It feeds by grazing material from the rock surface using its radula. It occurs very low on the shore down into the subtidal.

Key identification features
  • Bright red foot (when alive)
  • Coarse sculpture on valves gives them a rough appearance
References and links
  • Baxter, J.M. and Jones, A.M. 1987. Molluscs: Caudofoveata Solenogastres Polyplacophora and Scaphopoda. London.
  • Light, J.M. and Baxter, J.M. 1990. Lepidochiton scabridus (Jeffreys, 1880) - a live record from County Donegal, Ireland. Journal of Conchology 33(5) 318.
  • Light, J.M. and Lilleen, I.J. 1992. Further notes on Lepidochiton scabridus (Jeffreys). Journal of Conchology 34(2) 117.
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000183422]
Sort order
350
Taxonomic group
Chiton
  • Read more about Leptochiton scabridus

Size: Up to about 8mm long. Shape: Relatively narrow girdle with the shell making up 80-90% of the width.

Leptochiton leloupi

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Wed, 09/03/2011 22:37
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000183420]
Sort order
330
Taxonomic group
Chiton
  • Read more about Leptochiton leloupi

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