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Callista chione

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:14
Distribution and status

Not uncommon. From SW Britain down to Iberian Oeninsula and into the Mediterranean.

The map provided here shows the distribution of the species based on Conchological Society data.

Ecology and behaviour

Shallow burrower in clean sand where it filter feeds.

Key identification features
  • Pallial sinus is broadly foliaceous
  • Stout anterior lateral tooth in the left valve
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000174280]
Sort order
10970
Taxonomic group
Marine bivalve
  • Read more about Callista chione

Large solid shell (up to 90mm in length). The shell is highly polished with numerous and irregular concentric rings. Reddish-brown often with a pink tinge with darker rays. The periostracum is think and resembles a coat of varnish.

Calliostoma zizyphinum

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:14
Vernacular names
Painted top shell
Distribution and status

Fairly common. Found on all western European shores from the Mediterranean north to the Lofoten Islands.

The map provided here shows the distribution of the species based on Conchological Society data.

Ecology and behaviour

Grazed rock surface for vegetable matter and small coelenterates. The yellowish eggs are laid in a string of jelly attached to rock or algae. The young snails emerge from this after 7 to 10 days.

Similar species
  • Calliostoma granulatum has sides which are slightly concave? - does this work?
  • Jujubinus miliaris has a clearly reticulated sculpture on the shell surface
Key identification features
  • Conical shell with flat sides and a pointed apex
  • Breadth approximately equal to height
  • Shells spiral ridges on the last whorl are smooth
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000174273]
Sort order
800
Taxonomic group
Marine snail
  • Read more about Calliostoma zizyphinum

Conical shell up to 30mm in height with about ten whorls. The colour varies from yellow or brown to pink or purple and is overlaid with irregular dark purple or red markings. Pure white specimens sometimes occur and are considered by some to be a separate species. Shell surface is sculptured with 6 to 9 spiral ridges which are beaded. The animal possesses four or five pairs of epipodal tentacles.

Buccinum undatum

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:14
Vernacular names
(Common) whelk; buckie; Cragen foch fwyaf (Welsh);
Distribution and status

The map provided here shows the distribution of the species based on Conchological Society data.

Ecology and behaviour

Abundant on soft bottoms. Eats worms and bivalves, live and as carrion. Egg case balls washed up on beaches.

Similar species
  • Beringius turtoni Shell white, spire thinner, tan periostracum present
  • Neptunea antiqua Shell heavier, larger, longer siphonal canal, sculpture less obvious
  • Volutopsius norwegicus Shell white, porcellaneous, spire thinner, mouth elongate oval
Key identification features
  • Sinuous costae
  • Short siphonal canal
  • Pale brown to yellowish brown shell
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000174225]
Sort order
2880
Taxonomic group
Marine snail
  • Read more about Buccinum undatum

Shell teardrop shaped, 7-8 rounded whorls, large adults up to 120mm. Ornament spiral lines and ridges, varies between smooth and very rough.

Azorinus chamasolen

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:14
Distribution and status

Occasional. From the Norwegian Sea to the Mediterranean

The map provided here shows the distribution of the species based on Conchological Society data.

Ecology and behaviour

Burrows in think mud or muddy sand ? Feeds?

Similar species
  • Solecurtus scopula has radial ribs on the valve surface
Key identification features
  • Cylindrical shell gaping at both ends
  • Right valve with two prominent cardinal teeth; left valve with one
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000174075]
Sort order
10790
Taxonomic group
Marine bivalve
  • Read more about Azorinus chamasolen

Solid shell up to 6cm in length. White or fawn in colour; inside is white. Periostracum dark brown or green. Sculpture of concentric rings and ridges. Pallial sinus deep and is confluent with the pallial line for much of its length.

Astarte sulcata

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:14
Distribution and status

The map provided here shows the distribution of the species based on Conchological Society data.

Ecology and behaviour

Lives partially buried in mud or gravel mixed with sand or mud.

Key identification features
  • Surface has 25-55 concentric ridges
  • Periostracum has concentric grooves
  • Margin is initially smooth, becoming crenulate in older shells.
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000173998]
Sort order
10180
Taxonomic group
Marine bivalve
  • Read more about Astarte sulcata

Solid shell up to 2.5cm in length. The shell is white or pink in colour usually obscured by brown periostracum.

Arctica islandica

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:14
Vernacular names
Ocean quahog; Icelandic cyprine
Distribution and status

Common. Distributed from Norway south to the Bay of Biscay.

Arctica islandica

The map provided here shows the distribution of the species based on Conchological Society data held by the National Biodiversity Network (NBN). See terms and conditions.

The following datasets are included:

  • Conchological Society of Great Britain & Ireland: marine mollusc records


Open an NBN Atlas interactive map of this data in a new window.

 

Ecology and behaviour

Shallow burrower in muddy sand where it feeds by filtering phytoplankton.

In the southern part of its range live animals are restricted to deeper waters but to the north it can also be found intertidally.

In one report from the Journal of Conchology, Rendall (1954) indicates that large, live specimens could be found at the extreme low-water mark in St. Catherine’s Bay, Stronsay, Orkney (follow the link to read the original report). By following the tideline and walking slowly shorewards, Rendall observed a, "regular and graduated decline in size as one approached the sides of the bay, until at last I was picking up complete specimens scarcely the size of a shilling". The author also noted that at, "the south side of the sands Cyprina islandica was closely associated with Dosinia lupinus, which also occurred there in considerable numbers". Razor shells, otter shells and the ocean quahog were all part of the diet for islanders. Interestingly, he reported that even larger individuals were said to be taken from Linga Holm, an uninhabited island at the mouth of the bay.

 

Key identification features
  • Pallial line not indented with a pallial sinus
  • Crenulations on hinge plates in from of the anterior cardinal tooth.

 

References and links

Taxon details available from MolluscaBase (AphiaID 138802):

Arctica islandica (Linnaeus, 1767)

For the species account provided by Marine Bivalves of the British Isles click here.

The UK NBN Atlas entry for the species can be accessed via this link.

Rendall, R. (1954). A survey of some Orkney beaches. Journal of Conchology, 23(12), 390 - 394pp. Available at: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/63093306

 

Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000173928]
Sort order
10870
Taxonomic group
Marine bivalve
  • Read more about Arctica islandica

Very solid shell up to about 13cm in length. The surface is sculptured with numerous irregular fine concentric raised lines. The outside of the shell is white, yellow or brown. The inside is white, soemetimes with a pink tint. The pallial line is not indented with a pallial sinus.

Arcopagia crassa

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:14
Distribution and status

Not common. Found from the Norwegian Sea to the Iberian Peninsula.

The map provided here shows the distribution of the species based on Conchological Society data.

Ecology and behaviour

Burrows in muddy to coarse sand and shell gravel where it feeds on organic detritus picked up through the siphon.

Similar species
  • Arcopella balaustina has a thinner more fragile shell
Key identification features
  • Sculpture of think concentric ridges
  • Margin of pallial sinus not confluent with pallial line
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000173926]
Sort order
10590
Taxonomic group
Marine bivalve
  • Read more about Arcopagia crassa

Solid, almost oval, shell up to about 6.5cm in length. Yellowish white or fawn in colour sometimes with pink or brown radiating streaks. Inside of shell white at the margins and often orange towards the centre. Deep, tongue shaped, pallial sinus. Sculpture of pronounced concentric ridges on valve surface.

Arca tetragona

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:14
Distribution and status

Widely distributed. Distributed from Norway south to the Iberian Peninsula and into the Mediterranean.

The map provided here shows the distribution of the species based on Conchological Society data.

Ecology and behaviour

Lives attached by byssus threads amongst rocks or crevices.

Key identification features
  • Ventral margin has wide gape for byssus threads
  • All the teeth on the hinge plate are of a similar size
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000173921]
Sort order
9220
Taxonomic group
Marine bivalve
  • Read more about Arca tetragona

Solid shell up to 5cm in length. It is dirty white to yellow in colour but this is generally obscured by the brown periostracum. The inside of the shell is white. In perfect speciimens the surface is sculptured with ridges but these are often worn away.

Anomia ephippium

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:14
Distribution and status

Common. Distributed from the north of Norway south to the Mediterranean.

The map provided here shows the distribution of the species based on Conchological Society data.

Ecology and behaviour

Lives attached to stones or other shells by a calcified byssus through a hole in lower valve. Filter feeds phytoplankton,

Key identification features
  • Upper valve has three distinct muscle scars
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000173830]
Sort order
9730
Taxonomic group
Marine bivalve
  • Read more about Anomia ephippium

Fragile shell up to 6.5cm in length. The outside is white, sometimes tinged with pink, in colour. The inside is a similar colour but pearly in appearance. The surface has a 'scaley' sculpture.

Angulus tenuis

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:14
Distribution and status

Common. From Nowegian Sea and Baltic down to the Mediterranean and Atlantic coast of Morocco.

The map provided here shows the distribution of the species based on Conchological Society data.

Ecology and behaviour

Fine sand especially around ELWS. Burrows down to a depth of about 5-15 cm but moves nearer the surface as the tide comes in. Sometimes found in high densities of up to 2000 per square metre. Feeds on organic detritus picked up through the siphon.

Similar species
  • Angulus squalidus is more solid and possesses a more marked ridge
Key identification features
  • Brittle shell
  • Faint ridge running from beak to posterior of shell
  • Lower margin of pallial sinus confluent with pallial line
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000173825]
Sort order
10580
Taxonomic group
Marine bivalve
  • Read more about Angulus tenuis

Fragile shell up to 2.5cm in length. Coloyr can be white, pink, rose, orange or yellow both inside and out. The surface is sculptured with concentric ridges. Pallial sinus deep and partially confluent with pallial line; cruciform muscle scars sometimes distinct.

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