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      • Issue 1
        • Collecting East African marine snails
        • Field meeting to Box Hill
        • Introduction
        • Oyster Catchers feeding on Patella vulgata
      • Issue 2
        • Collecting localities in the Cape Province
        • Field meeting Walton-on-Naze
        • Herons, Moorhens and Rats feeding on Anodonta anatina
        • Introduction to molluscan taxonomy 1) Species and subspecies
        • Volutes
      • Issue 3
        • Introduction to molluscan taxonomy 2) The significance of types
        • Land and freshwater snails: additions to the British List since 1926
        • Littoral collecting in the Scilly Isles
        • Snails in a Sussex garden
      • Issue 4
        • Biographical Note
        • Introduction to molluscan taxonomy 3) The genus
        • Learning in Nucella lapillus
        • Mollusca on Liverpool bomb sites
        • The Cardiacea
        • The Strombidae
      • Issue 5
        • A suggested method for extracting the animals from small high-spired shells
        • Commensual crabs in Mytilus edulis
        • Field meeting at Shell Bay, Dorset
        • Field meeting at West Runton and Overstrand
        • Introduction to molluscan taxonomy 4) Taxonomic history
        • J.G. Bruguiere 1750-98
      • Issue 6
        • A little more biography
        • Field meeting at Amberley
        • Field meeting to Grasswood, Yorkshire May 1962
        • Marine collecting in New Zealand
        • Marine mollusca of Carnac, Brittany
        • On the use and misuse of common names
        • Strand shells after Cornish gales
        • Trochus magus in the Isle of Wight
      • Issue 7
        • 35 years collecting
        • Field meeting Epping Forest
        • Field meeting White Downs
        • More strand shells after Cornish gales
        • Natural History Museum at Craster
        • Notes on the pholadidae
      • Issue 8
        • Field meeting at Norwich
        • Geology for conchologists - Introduction
        • Geology for conchologists - The last 15,000 years
        • The Strophocheilidae
      • Issue 9
        • More autobiography
        • Sinistrorsity
        • Some etymology
        • Systematics sewn up
      • Issue 10
        • Field meeting at Norbury Park
        • Papers for students
        • Rearing snails from the egg
      • Issue 11
        • David Landsborough
        • Field meeting at Albury
        • Field meeting at Leith Hill
        • Posting living mollusca
        • Snails extinct in England but living abroad
        • Still more autobiography
        • The Viviparidae
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Puncturella noachina

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:15
Distribution and status

Uncommon

Distributed from the north of Norway to the north of the British Isles and the North Sea.

Ecology and behaviour

Unknown - may be a grazer or detritivore

Similar species
  • Diodora graeca has a keyhole shaped opening on the apex
Key identification features
  • Slit like hole in front of apex
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000177597]
Sort order
590
Taxonomic group
Marine snail
  • Read more about Puncturella noachina

Conical shell up to 7mm in length (4mm in height). The shell is white or cream in colour.The surface is sculptured with 19-25 radial ridges. Note that there is a small septum below the slit which partially blocks the hole.

Pseudamussium septemradiatum

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:15
Key identification features
  • The ears of the upper valve are nearly equal
  • Less than 10 radiating ribs on the valve surface
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000177541]
Sort order
9680
Taxonomic group
Marine bivalve
  • Read more about Pseudamussium septemradiatum

Brittle shell up to 5cm in length. It is brick red or brown in colour mottled with white and occasionally completely white. The surface is primarily sculptured with a few radiating ribs but also has less obvious radiating and concentric lines.

Pododesmus patelliformis

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:15
Distribution and status

Widely distributedDistributed from Norway south to the Mediterranean

Ecology and behaviour

Lives on bottoms of coarse sand and gravel attached to rocks or other shells.

Key identification features
  • There are two distinct muscle scars on the upper valve
  • The muscle scars are furrowed
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000177312]
Sort order
9760
Taxonomic group
Marine bivalve
  • Read more about Pododesmus patelliformis

Fragile shell up to 4cm in length. It is white in colour sometimes with brown markings. The interior is glossy white. The surface is sculptured with 'fluted' ribs ? Wavey?

Phaxas pellucidus

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:15
Distribution and status

Distributed from northern Norway and the Baltic south to the Iberian Peninsula.

Ecology and behaviour

Burrows in fine sand or muddy sand offshore or occasionally at extreme low water.

Similar species
  • Pharus legumen has more cylindrical outline
Key identification features
  • Shell has one straight side and one obviously curved side
  • Posterior adductor muscle scar meets the pallial sinus
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000177113]
Sort order
10560
Taxonomic group
Marine bivalve
  • Read more about Phaxas pellucidus
  • Log in or register to post comments

Roughly rectangular shell with rounded corners up to about 4cm in length. White or cream in colour sometimes with red-brown streaks. Periostracum yellow-green. Surface sculptured with fine concentric lines and very fine, serrated, radiating lines in the anterior half. Growth stages clear.

Pharus legumen

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:15
Distribution and status

Distributed from the south of the UK to the Iberian Peninsula and into the Mediterranean.

Ecology and behaviour

Lives in clean sand.

Similar species
  • Phaxas pellucidus has one very straight and one curved side
Key identification features
  • Elongate shell; almost cylindrical in outline
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000177107]
Sort order
10550
Taxonomic group
Marine bivalve
  • Read more about Pharus legumen
  • Log in or register to post comments

Up to about 13cm in length. White or fawn in colour with light yellow or light green periostracum. Shell sculptured with fine concentric lines.

Petricola pholadiformis

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:15
Distribution and status

Alien

Recorded from the south of Norway to the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. Feeds by filtering phytoplankton from the water.

Ecology and behaviour

Bores into hard clay, stiff mud or chalk/limestone. Probably imported with the American Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) at the end of the 19th century but is now well established.

Similar species
  • Barnea candida has very prominent cardinal teeth in the hinge
Key identification features
  • Left valve has three cardinal teeth; right valve has two none of which are long
  • Brittle shell with fine concentric ridges
  • Shell almost completely closes at anterior and posterior ends
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000177086]
Sort order
11080
Taxonomic group
Marine bivalve
  • Read more about Petricola pholadiformis

Brittle shell up to about 6cm in length and white to fawn in colour. Valve surface covered with fine concentric ridged and strong radiating ribs somes very coarse and bearing spines. Margin smooth except where the larger ribs meet it. Three cardinal teeth in left valve; right valve has two. Note - not typical of the Veneracea more like Pholadidae (piddocks) but lacks the very prominent cardinal teeth typical of piddocks.

Pecten maximus

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:15
Distribution and status

CommonDistributed from northern Norway to the Iberian Peninsula

Ecology and behaviour

Juveniles live attached by byssus threads but as the animal matures it becomes free living. It prefers bottoms of sand or gravel where it rests in a self made depression. It can swim when necessary particularly when threatened. It filter feeds phytoplankton from the water column.

Key identification features
  • Upper valve flat; lower one convex
  • Both valves have 15 to 17 radiating ribs
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000177043]
Sort order
9570
Taxonomic group
Marine bivalve
  • Read more about Pecten maximus

Solid shell up to 15cm in length. The valve is flat and red brown in colour. The right is convex and white or cream in colour. The inside of both valves is white. The surface is sculptured with prominent radiating ribs and finer concentric lines.

Patella vulgata

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:15
Distribution and status

Very common

Extends from Mediterranean to northern Norway

Ecology and behaviour

Lives on exposed rocky shores where it feeds by grazing algal material from the rock surface using its radula. Breeds in autumn/winter, eggs and sperm being released into the water column where fertilisation occurs. Larvae later settle in crevices or pools until they are 1-2mm when they migrate to more exposed microhabitats.

Similar species
  • Patella depressa has a dark (black) foot
  • Patella ulyssiponensis has a pale foot
Key identification features
  • Buff coloured foot
  • Marginal tentacles not white
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000177034]
Sort order
990
Taxonomic group
Marine snail
  • Read more about Patella vulgata

Conical shell up to 70mm in length (25mm in height). The outside is grey to yellow in colour. The inside is glossy greenish sometimes with purple rays and white towards the centre. The surface of the shell is sculptured with radial ridges running from the apex to the margin and the posterior outline of the shell smoothly rounded.

Patella ulyssiponensis

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:15
Distribution and status

Common

Found throughout the British Isles and south to the Mediterranean.

Ecology and behaviour

Lives on exposed rocky shores where it feeds by grazing material from the rock surface using its radula. Breeds almost throughout year but mainly in summer. Eggs are fertilised in the water column and larvae later settles in low shore pools.

Similar species
  • Patella depressa has a dark (black) foot
  • Patella vulgata has a buff coloured foot
Key identification features
  • Foot pale (apricot coloured)
  • Inside of shell white with yellow-orange headscar
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000177033]
Sort order
980
Taxonomic group
Marine snail
  • Read more about Patella ulyssiponensis

Conical shell up to 50mm in length (20mm in height). Outside of the shell is white or grey. The inside is also white (tinged blue) with a yellow/orange head scar.

Patella depressa

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:15
Distribution and status

Common

Occurs in south-west Britain from Beachy Head in south-east England to Lleyn Peninsula in North Wales (historically to north-west Anglesey. Absent from Ireland and Scotland, but many false records there based on unreliable exterior of shells. Southwards along Atlantic coasts of Europe to north Africa.

Ecology and behaviour

Found on middle shore, often in pools or trickles from pools where it feeds by grazing material from the rock surface using its radula. Mainly breeds in summer. Eggs are fertilised in the water column and larvae later settles in low shore pools (especially amongst Lithothamnion) and wet areas.

Similar species
  • Patella ulyssiponensis has a pale foot, and opaque white (occasionally orange) pallial tentacles.
  • Patella vulgata has a foot that varies from as dark as Patella depressa to as pale as P. ulyssiponensis. P. vulgata has translucent whitish pallial tentacles while the other two have opaque white pallial tentacle (sometimes orange on P. ulyssiponensis)
Key identification features
  • Foot is black or blackish brown.
  • Pallial (peripheral) tentacles are opaque, chalk- white.
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000177031]
Sort order
970
Taxonomic group
Marine snail
  • Read more about Patella depressa

Conical shell up to 30mm in length (12mm in height). The shell is white or grey externally, sometimes with darker bands running from the apex to the margin.

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