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      • Issue 1
        • Collecting East African marine snails
        • Field meeting to Box Hill
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        • Oyster Catchers feeding on Patella vulgata
      • Issue 2
        • Collecting localities in the Cape Province
        • Field meeting Walton-on-Naze
        • Herons, Moorhens and Rats feeding on Anodonta anatina
        • Introduction to molluscan taxonomy 1) Species and subspecies
        • Volutes
      • Issue 3
        • Introduction to molluscan taxonomy 2) The significance of types
        • Land and freshwater snails: additions to the British List since 1926
        • Littoral collecting in the Scilly Isles
        • Snails in a Sussex garden
      • Issue 4
        • Biographical Note
        • Introduction to molluscan taxonomy 3) The genus
        • Learning in Nucella lapillus
        • Mollusca on Liverpool bomb sites
        • The Cardiacea
        • The Strombidae
      • Issue 5
        • A suggested method for extracting the animals from small high-spired shells
        • Commensual crabs in Mytilus edulis
        • Field meeting at Shell Bay, Dorset
        • Field meeting at West Runton and Overstrand
        • Introduction to molluscan taxonomy 4) Taxonomic history
        • J.G. Bruguiere 1750-98
      • Issue 6
        • A little more biography
        • Field meeting at Amberley
        • Field meeting to Grasswood, Yorkshire May 1962
        • Marine collecting in New Zealand
        • Marine mollusca of Carnac, Brittany
        • On the use and misuse of common names
        • Strand shells after Cornish gales
        • Trochus magus in the Isle of Wight
      • Issue 7
        • 35 years collecting
        • Field meeting Epping Forest
        • Field meeting White Downs
        • More strand shells after Cornish gales
        • Natural History Museum at Craster
        • Notes on the pholadidae
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        • Field meeting at Norwich
        • Geology for conchologists - Introduction
        • Geology for conchologists - The last 15,000 years
        • The Strophocheilidae
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        • David Landsborough
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        • Still more autobiography
        • The Viviparidae
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Vertigo antivertigo

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:15
Ecology and behaviour

Mainly found in lowland wetlands such as fens, marshesreed swamps and flushes. Tends to avoid places where the water-level fluctuates. Often under flood rubbish at lake margins or in saturated ground litter.

Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000006668]
  • Read more about Vertigo antivertigo

Aperture with 6 - 10 prominent teeth including at least 2 parietal, 2 columellar and 2 palatal. Mouth edge slightly thickened and reflected; the outer lip has a markred central indentation. Shell ovoid; dark chestnut-brown with a few feeble growth-lines.

Vertigo alpestris

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:15
Distribution and status

Local species but fairly frequent where it occurs.

Ecology and behaviour

Typically found on old stone walls (often with patches of ivy and shaded by trees) or in leaf litter at their foot. Also found amongst mosses on limestone scree. Screes, old walls, rocks, rather dry open woodland.

Taxon version key
[NHMSYS0020528315]
  • Read more about Vertigo alpestris

Typically 1.8-2.0 mm in height. Whorls moderately tumid; mouth-edge slightly thickened and slightly indented, with no transverse rib behind the outer lip (cf. V.pygmaea); apertural teeth lamella-like, with very little callus around the bases; colour pale yellowish-brown; faint, regular sculpture, giving a characteristic silky lustre.

Cerastoderma glaucum

Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:15
Vernacular names
Lagoon cockle
Distribution and status

Occurs from Scotland southwards, commoner further south and largely replacing C. edule in the Mediterranean.

The map provided here shows the distribution of the species based on Conchological Society data.

Ecology and behaviour

Locally common living in muddy sand and muddy gravel, occasionally peat and amongst pebbles, at or just below the surface, typically in brackish lagoons and very enclosed bays from mid tide to just below low water. More resistant of reduced of reduced salinity than C. edule, and resistant to hypersaline conditions, and extremes of temperature. Also more usually permanently submerged rather than maintaining moisture in damp sand when the tide is out. Generally not as dense in a bed and probably less fecund. May occur with C. edule but usually separate even in the same locality, occupying the more lagoonal sites. Fewer damaged shells found, indicating either a better avoidance of predators or a more rapid break-up of the dead shell.

Similar species
  • Cerastoderma edule has a larger external ligament and a crenulate posterior margin
Key identification features
  • The external ligament is short
  • The posterior margin is smooth
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000188555]
Sort order
10350
Taxonomic group
Marine bivalve
  • Read more about Cerastoderma glaucum

This is considered by some workers to be but a variety of C.

Ostrea edulis

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:15
Distribution and status

Common

Ecology and behaviour

Found on almost any suitable stable bottom including mud, sand, gravel and rocks.

Key identification features
  • The muscle scar is white
  • The shell margins near the beak are crenulated
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000188550]
Sort order
9530
Taxonomic group
Marine bivalve
  • Read more about Ostrea edulis

Solid shell up to 10cm from beak to margin. The shell is yellow, pale green or brown in colour sometimes with pink or purple markings. The upper valve is sculptured with concentric lines and grooves which are sometimes lifted into scales. Radiating ribs are also present.

Modiolus modiolus

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:15
Distribution and status

CommonNorway south to the Bay of Biscay

Ecology and behaviour

Lives on muddy gravel attached by byssus threads where it feeds by filtering phytoplankton. It can occur in very dense communities.

Key identification features
  • Periostracum is not 'hairy' except in juveniles where the hairs are smooth
  • Dark blue or purple shell with no rays
  • The beaks are a slight distance from the extreme end of the shell
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000188548]
Sort order
9310
Taxonomic group
Marine bivalve
  • Read more about Modiolus modiolus

Solid shell up to about 20cm in length. Dark blue or purple in colour bu this is generally obscured by dark brown periostracum. The inside of the shell is white. The surface is sculptured with fine concentric rings and ridges.

Volutopsius norwegicus

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:15
Distribution and status

North Atlantic, northern North Sea

Ecology and behaviour

Lives on soft bottoms. Preys on echinoderms

Similar species
  • Buccinum undatum Sinuous vertical costae, aperture rounded, strong short siphonal canal
  • Neptunea antiqua Apex not bulbous, aperture more constricted, shorter siphonal canal
  • Beringius turtoni Corded spiral sculpture, skinny upper spire, uncoiled look
Key identification features
  • Smooth white shell
  • Bulbous apex
  • Thin nacreous callus extends from mouth over the last whorl
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000188279]
Sort order
2980
Taxonomic group
Marine snail
  • Read more about Volutopsius norwegicus
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Large teardrop shaped shell up to 100mm. Spire blunt, 5-6 very rounded whorls. Shell white or cream, porcellaneous, nearly smooth. Periostracum thin, may be rubbed off. Mouth oval, no siphonal canal, thin nacreous callus extends over last whorl, outer lip flared widely in adults.

Rhomboidella prideaux

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:15
Key identification features
  • Ribs are continuous over the shell surface
  • Decussate effect? on shell surface caused by more than 60 radiating ribs and 11-15 concentric ridges
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000186597]
Sort order
9430
Taxonomic group
Marine bivalve
  • Read more about Rhomboidella prideaux

Fragile, plump, shell up to 3mm in length. It is white in colour both inside and out but the inside is pearly. The periositracum is pale green. The surface of the shell is sculptured with ribs and ridges.

Pteria hirundo

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:15
Distribution and status

RareDistributed from Britain south to the Iberian Peninsula and into the Mediterranean.

Ecology and behaviour

Lives attached by byssus threads on muddy to gravelly bottoms.

Key identification features
  • Shell with two 'ears'
  • One adductor muscle scar
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000186360]
Sort order
9440
Taxonomic group
Marine bivalve
  • Read more about Pteria hirundo

Brittle shell up to about 8cm in length. Grey brown or pale brown in colour with darker radiating rays. The inside of the shell is pearly. The surface is sculptured with concentric scales which may be worn away to lines.

Propilidium exiguum

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:15
Distribution and status

Not common

From Norway south to the Azores and Mediterranean but absent from the English Channel and most of the North Sea.

Ecology and behaviour

Lives on hard stoney bottoms probably feeding on detritus.

Similar species
  • Iothia fulva has apex very close to anterior edge of shell
  • Lepeta caeca does not have tilted apex or internal septum
Key identification features
  • Backwardly tilted apex
  • Small internal septum
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000186101]
Sort order
1030
Taxonomic group
Marine snail
  • Read more about Propilidium exiguum

Conical shell up to 4mm in length. Tends to be relatively tall compared with similar species (up to 2.5mm in height). The outside is white or grey-brown in colour and the inside white and shiney. Surface sculptured with fine radial and concentric ridges. The animal does not possess eyes.

Poromya granulata

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:15
Distribution and status

RareDistributed from the north of Norway to the Mediterranean.

Ecology and behaviour

Burrows into mud. The species is carnivorous and feeds by sucking in food with an adapted muscular gill. It probably feeds mainly on dead crustaceans.

Key identification features
  • Left valve has a single lateral tooth in front of the chondophore
  • Right valve has a single cardinal tooth in front of the chrondophore
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000185984]
Sort order
11470
Taxonomic group
Marine bivalve
  • Read more about Poromya granulata

Brittle shell up to 1.5cm in length. The shell is coloured dirty white or cream obscured by brown periostracum. The inside of the the shell is white. The surface of the shell is sculptured with concentric lines.

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