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Vertigo modesta

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:15
Distribution and status

Endangered

Ecology and behaviour

North facing corries between 800m and 980m amongst short turf and low heath / scrub rich in Artic alpines.

Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000006677]
  • Read more about Vertigo modesta

Shell more cylindrical; aperture relatively smaller and rounded. 3 - 4 very small deeply-set apertural teeth, 1 parietal, 1 columellar, 1 lower palatal (sometimes absent, and sometimes an additional upper palatal). Mouth edge simple and scarcely thickened. Shell pale yellowish-brown, translucent, not glossy, but with a silky sheen due to many reguler fine growth lines.

Vertigo lilljeborgi

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:15
Distribution and status

Rare

Ecology and behaviour

Saturated decaying vegetation in marshes and alder fens at the margins of lakes and rivers usually in places subject to flooding. Tolerates acidic conditions.

Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000006672]
  • Read more about Vertigo lilljeborgi

Typically 1.9-2.2mm in height. Shell relatively broad, almost ovoid; with 5 strongly tumid whorls, the last well-rounded and relatively large; mouth-edge delicate, with a transverse furrow just before the aperture.

Vertigo geyeri

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:15
Distribution and status

Endangered

Ecology and behaviour

Upland neutral to calcareous marshes or flushes with a stable water level. Requires low growing luxuriant vegetation doiminated by finer leaved grasses and sedges.

Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000006674]
  • Read more about Vertigo geyeri

Whorls strongly tumid; mouth edge thinner and convex with no transverse rib behind the outer lip; apertural teeth simple and peg-like, arising without surrounding callus; colour pale reddish-brown; shell glossy, with fine regular growth-lines.

Vertigo genesii

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:15
Distribution and status

Endangered

Ecology and behaviour

Marshy ground: characteristic of calcareous flushes on north facing mountain hillsides.

Taxon version key
[NHMSYS0000343210]
  • Read more about Vertigo genesii

Typically 1.7mm to 2.1mm in height. Shell rather barrel-shaped; mouth edge scarcely thickened, outer lip just perceptively reflected. No external rib or flexure behind lip. Mouth rather rounded, without teeth, or occasionally with a vestigial parietal denticle only. Shell pale reddish-brown, very smooth and glossy.

Vertigo antivertigo

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:15
Ecology and behaviour

Mainly found in lowland wetlands such as fens, marshesreed swamps and flushes. Tends to avoid places where the water-level fluctuates. Often under flood rubbish at lake margins or in saturated ground litter.

Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000006668]
  • Read more about Vertigo antivertigo

Aperture with 6 - 10 prominent teeth including at least 2 parietal, 2 columellar and 2 palatal. Mouth edge slightly thickened and reflected; the outer lip has a markred central indentation. Shell ovoid; dark chestnut-brown with a few feeble growth-lines.

Vertigo alpestris

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:15
Distribution and status

Local species but fairly frequent where it occurs.

Ecology and behaviour

Typically found on old stone walls (often with patches of ivy and shaded by trees) or in leaf litter at their foot. Also found amongst mosses on limestone scree. Screes, old walls, rocks, rather dry open woodland.

Taxon version key
[NHMSYS0020528315]
  • Read more about Vertigo alpestris

Typically 1.8-2.0 mm in height. Whorls moderately tumid; mouth-edge slightly thickened and slightly indented, with no transverse rib behind the outer lip (cf. V.pygmaea); apertural teeth lamella-like, with very little callus around the bases; colour pale yellowish-brown; faint, regular sculpture, giving a characteristic silky lustre.

Cerastoderma glaucum

Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:15
Vernacular names
Lagoon cockle
Distribution and status

Occurs from Scotland southwards, commoner further south and largely replacing C. edule in the Mediterranean.

The map provided here shows the distribution of the species based on Conchological Society data.

Ecology and behaviour

Locally common living in muddy sand and muddy gravel, occasionally peat and amongst pebbles, at or just below the surface, typically in brackish lagoons and very enclosed bays from mid tide to just below low water. More resistant of reduced of reduced salinity than C. edule, and resistant to hypersaline conditions, and extremes of temperature. Also more usually permanently submerged rather than maintaining moisture in damp sand when the tide is out. Generally not as dense in a bed and probably less fecund. May occur with C. edule but usually separate even in the same locality, occupying the more lagoonal sites. Fewer damaged shells found, indicating either a better avoidance of predators or a more rapid break-up of the dead shell.

Similar species
  • Cerastoderma edule has a larger external ligament and a crenulate posterior margin
Key identification features
  • The external ligament is short
  • The posterior margin is smooth
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000188555]
Sort order
10350
Taxonomic group
Marine bivalve
  • Read more about Cerastoderma glaucum

This is considered by some workers to be but a variety of C.

Ostrea edulis

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:15
Distribution and status

Common

Ecology and behaviour

Found on almost any suitable stable bottom including mud, sand, gravel and rocks.

Key identification features
  • The muscle scar is white
  • The shell margins near the beak are crenulated
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000188550]
Sort order
9530
Taxonomic group
Marine bivalve
  • Read more about Ostrea edulis

Solid shell up to 10cm from beak to margin. The shell is yellow, pale green or brown in colour sometimes with pink or purple markings. The upper valve is sculptured with concentric lines and grooves which are sometimes lifted into scales. Radiating ribs are also present.

Modiolus modiolus

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:15
Distribution and status

CommonNorway south to the Bay of Biscay

Ecology and behaviour

Lives on muddy gravel attached by byssus threads where it feeds by filtering phytoplankton. It can occur in very dense communities.

Key identification features
  • Periostracum is not 'hairy' except in juveniles where the hairs are smooth
  • Dark blue or purple shell with no rays
  • The beaks are a slight distance from the extreme end of the shell
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000188548]
Sort order
9310
Taxonomic group
Marine bivalve
  • Read more about Modiolus modiolus

Solid shell up to about 20cm in length. Dark blue or purple in colour bu this is generally obscured by dark brown periostracum. The inside of the shell is white. The surface is sculptured with fine concentric rings and ridges.

Volutopsius norwegicus

Submitted by Steve Wilkinson on Sat, 05/12/2009 22:15
Distribution and status

North Atlantic, northern North Sea

Ecology and behaviour

Lives on soft bottoms. Preys on echinoderms

Similar species
  • Buccinum undatum Sinuous vertical costae, aperture rounded, strong short siphonal canal
  • Neptunea antiqua Apex not bulbous, aperture more constricted, shorter siphonal canal
  • Beringius turtoni Corded spiral sculpture, skinny upper spire, uncoiled look
Key identification features
  • Smooth white shell
  • Bulbous apex
  • Thin nacreous callus extends from mouth over the last whorl
Taxon version key
[NBNSYS0000188279]
Sort order
2980
Taxonomic group
Marine snail
  • Read more about Volutopsius norwegicus
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Large teardrop shaped shell up to 100mm. Spire blunt, 5-6 very rounded whorls. Shell white or cream, porcellaneous, nearly smooth. Periostracum thin, may be rubbed off. Mouth oval, no siphonal canal, thin nacreous callus extends over last whorl, outer lip flared widely in adults.

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