Coryphella lineata (Lovén, 1846)

Author & date of last revision: Ian Smith on 6 August 2012
Flabellina lineata (Lovén, 1846); Eolis lineata Alder & Hancock, 1846;

Description

 

                                                                                       Updated August 2012

synonym: Flabellina lineata (Lovén, 1846) accepted by WoRMS.

Body (excluding appendages)
Usually up to 30 mm long, occasionally 50mm. Translucent white with, usually near-continuous, opaque white dorsal line from in front of rhinophores to posterior group of cerata [image1], and a similar line on each side from the anterior group of cerata to the tip of the tail [2], the two lateral lines uniting on the tail to make a doubly thick line. Viscera visible in anterior half of translucent body, and white ovotestis lobules visible in the posterior of mature specimens [1]. Posterior half of juveniles, under circa 9 mm, lack ovotestis so substrate visible through body [4].
Cerata
Cerata usually held so dorsum of body visible. Arranged in 5 – 8 groups on dorso-lateral ridge on each side of body [5]. Translucent white revealing orange, red or reddish brown internal digestive gland and white cnidosac at tip. Anterior and posterior white pigment lines, or series of marks, rise from near base and expand to cover most of cnidosac except extreme apex [6].  
Rhinophores
Slightly wrinkled [7]. Translucent white with longitudinal white pigment line from posterior of base to apex, where it expands to often almost completely cap distal quarter of rhinophore.
Head
Long mobile oral tentacles, translucent white with longitudinal white pigment line from apex to head where unites with dorsal body line [7]. Mouthparts ventrally cleft [3].
Foot
Translucent white. Anterior expanded into curved wedge shaped propodial tentacles, often forming crescent in ventral view [3].


Key identification features

White pigment line along each side, uniting on tail. [4].
White dorsal line [1] (sometimes fragmented as on C. browni).
Two white lines, continuous or fragmented, on cerata [6].

Similar species


Coryphella browni, Coryphella gracilis, Coryphella verrucosa and Flabellina pellucida all lack white lateral body lines and two lines on cerata.

Ecology and behaviour

Occasionally ELWS on rocky shores exposed to strong currents, can be abundant sublittorally at 20m – 40m, extending to 360m.On or near its  prey, primarily Tubularia (EML), but occasionally other hydroids, especially when juvenile.
Simultaneous hermaphrodite. Two or more generations born April-August. Spawn deposited as a white or pink spiral line.  Veliger larvae released to drift in the water column before settling and metamorphosing.

Distribution and status

Northern Norway to Western Mediterranean.  (GBIF map). Occasionally at LWS, and frequent sublittorally, all around Britain and Ireland where Tubularia occurs (UK interactive distribution map NBN).

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Coryphella lineata juvenile, 5mm long. Opaque white pigment line on oral tentacle, rhinophore, dorsum, flank and ceras (two lines). LWS, Menai Strait, September 2011.
Image © I.F. Smith
Coryphella lineata adult, 15mm long. White lobules of ovotestis visible in posterior half. White lateral lines hidden except on tail where they unite. LWS, Menai Strait, September 2011.
Image © I.F. Smith

GALLERY of larger images of this species.
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Recorded UK distribution